Assess the position that the patient assumes for breathing. View Lab Report - Ineffective Breathing Pattern Nursing Care Plan.docx from NURS 3306 at Oklahoma City University. Malnutrition may result in premature development of respiratory failure because it reduces respiratory mass and strength. Beta-adrenergic agonist medications relax airway smooth muscles and cause bronchodilation to open air passages. A nursing care plan converted to a video - ineffective breathing pattern ncp sample Ineffective breathing patterns are considered a state in which the rate, depth, timing, rhythm, or chest/abdominal wall excursion during inspiration, expiration, or both do not maintain optimum ventilation for the individual. Start studying Example Care Plan Ineffective Breathing Pattern. Patient’s respiratory rate remains within established limits. This monitors oxygenation and ventilation status. Talking to others with similar conditions can help to ease anxiety and increase coping skills. Patient has taken her prescribed medications of Cromolyn Sodium and Ventolin at home with no relief of symptoms. Utilize pulse oximetry to check oxygen saturation and, Pulse oximetry is a helpful tool to detect alterations in oxygenation initially; but, for CO2 levels, end tidal CO2 monitoring or arterial. The respiratory system cannot be considered healthy when there is an ineffective airway. Evaluate nutritional status (e.g., weight, albumin level, electrolyte level). Assess ABG levels, according to facility policy. Controlled breathing methods may also aid slow respirations in patients who are tachypneic. PLANNING GOALS OF INTERVENTION CARE RATIONALE >At the end of nursing interventions, patient will be able to: 1. Ineffective Breathing Pattern - Ineffective Airway Clearance - Impaired Gas Exchange Nursing Care Plan for Guillain-Barre Syndrome Guillain-Barre syndrome is … 5. A sitting position permits maximum lung excursion and chest expansion. Knowledge of these factors is useful in planning interventions to prevent or manage future episodes of breathing problems. Ineffective Breathing Pattern. Nursing Care Plan for Ineffective Breathing Pattern. Nurseslabs. Send specimen for culture and sensitivity testing if sputum appears to be discolored. Ineffective Breathing Pattern. Nursing Assessment for Ineffective Airway Clearance. The patient will maintain an oxygen saturation of >92% and a respiratory rate of 12-20 with ADL’s. It is considered the state in which the rate, depth, timing, and rhythm, or the pattern of breathing is altered. An ineffective breathing pattern is a condition of inadequate ventilation due to an impairment in the mechanism of inspiration and expiration. Ineffective Breathing Pattern Care Plan Interventions and Rationales Assist the patient to stay calm and breathe slowly . pneumonia nursing care plans assessment increase in respiratory rate of 31 cpm shortness of breath (orthopnea) dyspnea use of accessory muscles in breathing. Unusual breathing patterns may imply an underlying disease process or dysfunction. The following are the therapeutic nursing interventions for ineffective breathing pattern: You may also like the following posts and nursing diagnoses: Nurseslabs.com is an education and nursing lifestyle website geared towards helping student nurses and registered nurses with knowledge for the progression and empowerment of their nursing careers. Patient’s ABG levels return to and remain within established limits. INEFFECTIVE BREATHING PATTERN Nursing Care Plan Stuart, 23 years old, diagnosed with pneumonia 3 months ago. Monitor blood gas levels and provide supplemental oxygen via hood, tent, cannula, or face mask as needed if hypoxia results from inadequate breathing pattern and ventilation; if an infant is apneic, provide access at bedside at all times. Our ultimate goal is to help address the nursing shortage by inspiring aspiring nurses that a career in nursing is an excellent choice, guiding students to become RNs, and for the working nurse – helping them achieve success in their careers! Coarse crackle sound that is wetter than a rale, suctioning recommended. Prevents changes in respiratory pattern brought about from exertion and fatigue. Listen to respiratory sounds, observe areas of diminished/absent ventilation and adventitious noise. This training improves conscious control of respiratory muscles and inspiratory muscle strength. 117006719 Ineffective Breathing Pattern Pneumonia Nursing Care Plan. Inquire about precipitating and alleviating factors. Uploaded by. Definition: Inspiration and/or expiration that does not provide adequate ventilation. Assess for signs of activity intolerance. Hypoxia and sensation of “not being able to breathe” are frightening and may worsen hypoxia. When the breathing pattern is ineffective, the body is most likely not getting enough oxygen to the cells. Evaluate skin color, temperature, capillary refill; observe central versus peripheral cyanosis. The nursing diagnosis is one of the issues nurses need to focus on when caring for patients. These allow sufficient mobilization of secretions. Deep inspiration increases oxygenation to prevent atelectasis. Your email address will not be published. Nursing Interventions. Ineffective Breathing Pattern. Ineffective Breathing Pattern care plan. Respirations fall below 12 breaths per minute depending on the age of patient. Asthma Nursing Care Plan - Ineffective Breathing Pattern October 2019 395. (_) Changes in pulse (rate, rythm). Desired outcomes. The respiratory system cannot be considered healthy when there is an ineffective airway. Plan in place to meet needs after discharge. Assess and record respiratory rate and depth at least every 4 hours. Assess ABG levels, according to facility policy. When administering oxygen, close monitoring is very important to avoid hazardous risings in the patient’s PaO2, which could lead to apnea. Stay with the patient during acute episodes of respiratory distress. Desired outcomes. High-pitched, musical breathing sound caused by a blockage in the throat or voice box (, High-pitched, whistling sound when air moves through narrowed breathing tubes in the. Orthopnea is associated with breathing difficulty. 6. Pharmocology. The following are the therapeutic nursing interventions for Ineffective Breathing Pattern: Your email address will not be published. These signs signify an increase in respiratory effort. When patient carries out ADLs, breathing pattern remains normal. These may be indicative of a cause for the alteration in breathing pattern. Respiratory failure may be correlated with variations in respiratory rate, abdominal and thoracic pattern. INEFFECTIVE BREATHING PATTERN Nursing Care Plan Stuart, 23 years old, diagnosed with pneumonia 3 months ago. Moving air can decrease feelings of air hunger. This is to detect decreased or adventitious breath sounds. When a patient starts to show signs of ineffective breathing, it could be due to inadequate ventilation. The incapability to mobilize secretions may contribute to change in breathing pattern. Ineffective Breathing Pattern: Inspiration and/or expiration that does not provide adequate ventilation. And then monitor respiratory patterns like bradypnea, tachypnea, hyperventilation, Kussmaul respiration, Cheyne-Stokes respiration etc. Uploaded by. This conserves energy and avoids overexertion and fatigue. Evaluate skin color, temperature, capillary refill; observe central versus peripheral cyanosis. High-pitched, whistling sound when air moves through narrowed breathing tubes in the lungs. Hypoxia triggers the drive to breathe in the chronic CO2 retainer patient. Evaluate nutritional status (e.g., weight, albumin level, electrolyte level). Respirations fall below 12 breaths per minute depending on the age of patient. Related to: Inflammatory process. When the abdominal wall excursion during inspiration, expiration, or both do not maintain optimum ventilation for the individual, the nursing diagnosis Ineffective Breathing Pattern is one of the issues nurses need to focus on. Demonstrate slow breathing techniques and passive exhalation. Monitor for diaphragmatic muscle fatigue or weakness (paradoxical motion). Presence of artificial airway 7. Restlessness, confusion, and/or irritability can be early indicators of insufficient oxygen to the brain. An initial respiratory assessment builds a baseline for further examinations. Bianca Coley. Hypoxia and sensation of “not being able to breathe” are frightening and may worsen hypoxia. Inquire about precipitating and alleviating factors. Sometimes anxiety can cause dyspnea, so watch the patient for “air hunger” which is a sign that the cause of shortness of breath is physical. Patient reports feeling rested each day. When patient carries out ADLs, breathing pattern remains normal. NURSING DIAGNOSIS: ineffective Breathing Pattern May be related to Decreased lung expansion due to air or fluid accumulation Musculoskeletal impairment Pain and anxiety Inflammatory process Possibly evidenced by Dyspnea, tachypnea Changes in depth or equality of respirations; altered chest excursion Patient demonstrates maximum lung expansion with adequate ventilation. Extra activity can worsen shortness of breath. Appropriate management for patients with oxygenation difficulties is to sustain or enhance pulmonary ventilation and oxygenation, promote comfort and ease of breathing, improve the ability to participate in physical activities, and to prevent risks associated with oxygenation problems such as skin and tissue breakdown, syncope, acid-base imbalances, and feelings of hopelessness and social isolation. 4. This facilitates adequate clearance of secretions. He earned his license to practice as a registered nurse during the same year. February 8, 2017. The following are the common goals and expected outcomes for Ineffective Breathing Pattern. This will reduce the patient’s anxiety, thereby reducing oxygen demand. Patient maintains an effective breathing pattern, as evidenced by relaxed breathing at normal rate and depth and absence of dyspnea. Wanting to reach a bigger audience in teaching, he is now a writer and contributor for Nurseslabs since 2012 while working part-time as a nurse instructor. Determine if it is acidosis or alkalosis. Uploaded by. The pattern repeats, with each cycle usually taking 30 seconds to 2 minutes. These techniques promotes deep inspiration, which increases oxygenation and prevents atelectasis. Ineffective Breathing Pattern November 2019 691. Knowledge of these factors is useful in planning interventions to prevent or manage future episodes of breathing problems. It also refers to the state in which the depth, rate, timing, and rhythm of breathing becomes altered. Having a clear and effective airway is vital in patient care. Patient’s respiratory rate remains within established limits. Frequently occurs in combination with nasal flaring and intercostal or subcostal retractions, associated with increased work of breathing. Work of breathing increases greatly as lung compliance decreases. Patient reports feeling rested each day. The average rate of respiration for adults is 10 to 20 breaths per minute. This is to detect decreased or adventitious breath sounds. Case Study 1: A 16 y/o black female with a history of asthma, presents to your primary care practice with tachypnea, and acute shortness of breath with audible wheezing. Prolonged expiration prevents air trapping. Work of breathing increases greatly as lung compliance decreases. Nursing Care Plan 5. Michelle Martinez NURSING CARE PLAN Subjective Data - Pt states he Note for changes in level of consciousness. Patient’s respiratory rate remains within established limits. View Nursing Careplan - Ineffective Breathing Pattern r:t Asthma Exacerbation.pdf from NUR 2206 at Florida International University. His goal is to expand his horizon in nursing-related topics. Patient performs diaphragmatic pursed-lip breathing. Evidence of having achieved this goal consist of the patient demonstrating a normal rate and depth of respiration, an absence of shortness of breath and a symmetrical chest excursion. Expected outcomes. Patient indicates, either verbally or through behavior, feeling comfortable when breathing. Patient performs diap… Paradoxical movement of the abdomen (an inward versus outward movement during inspiration) is indicative of respiratory. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Nursing Diagnosis Ineffective Breathing Pattern for Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Goal: The pattern of breathing effectively, after the act of diving in hospital nursing, respiration normal, no additional breath sounds and the use of auxiliary respiratory muscles. Because of having not enough money for hospitalization, his state got worse day by day, until he experience painful feeling by just breathing. More Documents from "Reichelle Perlas" His drive for educating people stemmed from working as a community health nurse. Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to pulmonary congestion secondary to CHF as evidenced by shortness of breath, SpO2 level of 85%, cough, respiratory rate of 25 cpm, and frothy sputum Perform a comprehensive respiratory assessment at least every four hours. High-pitched, musical breathing sound caused by a blockage in the throat or voice box (larynx). Ineffective Airway Clearance - Pneumonia Nursing Care Plan October 2019 1,486. Ensure the patient rests between strenuous activities. Impaired respiratory muscle function 5. Pulse oximetry is a helpful tool to detect alterations in oxygenation initially; but, for CO2 levels, end tidal CO2 monitoring or arterial blood gases (ABGs) would require being obtained. Patient maintains an effective breathing pattern, as evidenced by relaxed breathing at normal rate and depth and absence of dyspnea. The following are the common goals and expected outcomes for Ineffective Breathing Pattern. Definition: Inspiration and/or expiration that does not provide adequate ventilation. 1. Ask … 4. Cyanosis to the inside of the, Keep away from high concentration of oxygen in patients with. Educate patient about medications: indications, dosage, frequency, and possible side effects. Exercise promotes conditioning of respiratory muscles and patient’s sense. Improvement in breathing pattern. Paradoxical movement of the abdomen (an inward versus outward movement during inspiration) is indicative of respiratory muscle fatigue and weakness. Unusual breathing patterns may imply an underlying disease process or dysfunction. Ineffective Breathing Pattern Care Plan. Clicking, rattling, or crackling sound heard during inspiration and. NURSING CARE PLAN CUES NURSING DIAGNOSIS >Ineffective Breathing pattern R/T Shortness of breath, bronchoconstricti on. 6. Having a clear and effective airway is vital in inpatient care. Nursing Care Plan For Ineffective Breathing Pattern. Ineffective Breathing Pattern - Pneumonia Nursing Care Plan. Ineffective Breathing Pattern This COPD nursing diagnosis is related to a decrease in the rate and depth of breathing and may be associated with the patient’s weakness, reduced lung expansion, his position, and the effects of some medicines being taken. Here are some factors that may be related to Ineffective Breathing Pattern: Ineffective Breathing Pattern is characterized by the following signs and symptoms: The following are the common goals and expected outcomes for Ineffective Breathing Pattern. This method relaxes muscles and increases the patient’s oxygen level. Send specimen for culture and sensitivity testing if sputum appears to be discolored. Ineffective Breathing Pattern care plan. 2. Groups of quick, shallow inspirations followed by regular or irregular periods of apnea (10 to 60 seconds). Because of having not enough money for hospitalization, his state got worse day by day, until he experience painful feeling by just breathing. Constant breath sounds of both rhonchi and wheezing; normally treated with bronchodilator. It is important to take action when there is an alteration in the pattern of breathing to detect early signs of respiratory compromise. 3. Patient indicates, either verbally or through behavior, feeling comfortable when breathing. Alteration of patient’s usual O2/CO2 ratio, Assumption of three-point position to breathe (bending forward while supporting self by placing one hand on each knee), Increased restlessness, apprehension, and metabolic rate, Increased work of breathing, use of accessory muscles, Pursed-lip breathing or prolonged expiratory phase, Tachypnea/bradypnea or cessation of respirations when off the ventilator. Assess the position that the patient assumes for breathing. Copious and tenacious tracheobronchial secretions 3. NCP Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective Breathing Pattern. He conducted first aid training and health seminars and workshops for teachers, community members, and local groups. Required fields are marked *, Ineffective Breathing Pattern – Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – Nurseslabs. Frequently occurs in combination with nasal flaring and intercostal or subcostal retractions, associated with increased work of breathing. Breathing pattern alteration may also transpire in a number of circumstances from heart failure, hypoxia, airway obstruction, diaphragmatic paralysis, infection, neuromuscular impairment, trauma or surgery resulting in musculoskeletal impairment and/or pain, cognitive impairment and anxiety, diabetic ketoacidosis, uremia, thyroid dysfunction, peritonitis, drug overdose, AIDS, acute alcohol withdrawal, cardiac surgery, cholecystectomy, liver cirrhosis, craniocerebral trauma, disc surgery, lymphomas, renal dialysis, seizure disorders, spinal cord injuries, mechanical ventilatory assistance and pleural inflammation. 1. Malnutrition may result in premature development of respiratory failure because it reduces respiratory mass and strength. Nursing Care Plan helping nurses, students / professionals, creating NCP in different areas such as medical surgical, psychiatric, maternal newborn, and pediatrics. Evaluate the appropriateness of inspiratory muscle training. Normal, good, unlabored ventilation, sometimes known as quiet breathing or resting, respiratory rate, Deep respirations with fast, normal, or slow rate associated with severe metabolic acidosis, particularly, Rapid, shallow breathing, with more than 24 breaths per minute. The patient will maintain an oxygen saturation of >92% and a respiratory rate of 12-20 with ADL’s. Appropriate management for patients with oxygenation difficulties are to sustain or enhance pulmonary ventilation and oxygenation, promote comfort and ease of breathing, improve ability to participate in physical activities, and to prevent risks associated with oxygenation problems such as skin and tissue breakdown, syncope, acid-base imbalances, and feelings of hopelessness and social isolation. This information can be incorporated into the care plan and passed along to be more consistent in caring for the patient. Cheyne-Stokes respiration signifies bilateral dysfunction in the deep cerebral or diencephalon related with brain injury or metabolic abnormalities. Utilize pulse oximetry to check oxygen saturation and pulse rate. Ambulate patient as tolerated with doctor’s order three times daily. Gil Wayne graduated in 2008 with a bachelor of science in nursing. Nurseslabs – NCLEX Practice Questions, Nursing Study Guides, and Care Plans, Ineffective Breathing Pattern Nursing Care Plan, Nursing Test Bank and Nursing Practice Questions for Free, NCLEX Practice Questions Test Bank (2021 Update), Nursing Pharmacology Practice Questions & Test Bank for NCLEX (500+ Questions), Arterial Blood Gas Analysis Made Easy with Tic-Tac-Toe Method, Select All That Apply NCLEX Practice Questions and Tips (100 Items), IV Flow Rate Calculation NCLEX Reviewer & Practice Questions (60 Items), EKG Interpretation & Heart Arrhythmias Cheat Sheet. These signs signify an increase in respiratory effort. Otherwise, the patient might suffer from serious health complications and damage to his body system. Orthopnea is associated with breathing difficulty. Ambulation can further break up and move secretions that block the airways. jamieboyRN. Asthma Nursing Care Plan - Ineffective Breathing Pattern. Assess for thoracic or upper abdominal pain. This information promotes safe and effective medication administration. Encourage frequent rest periods and teach patient to pace activity. Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to exudative pleural effusion, as evidenced by shortness of breath and cough, increased pain upon inhalation, labored breathing, oxygen saturation of 89%, and respiratory rate of 30 cpm Expected Outcomes: Regular breathing pattern Monitor blood gas levels and provide supplemental oxygen via hood, tent, cannula, or face mask as needed if hypoxia results from inadequate breathing pattern and ventilation; if an infant is apneic, provide access at bedside at all times. This COPD nursing diagnosis is related to a decrease in the rate and depth of breathing and may be associated with the patient’s weakness, reduced lung expansion, his position, and the effects of some medicines being taken. Nursing Interventions. Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to neuromuscular weakness of the respiratory muscles and throat. Patient maintains an effective breathing pattern, as evidenced by relaxed breathing at normal rate and depth and absence of dyspnea. Consult dietitian for dietary modifications. The average rate of respiration for adults is 10 to 20 breaths per minute. © 2021 Nurseslabs | Ut in Omnibus Glorificetur Deus! COPD may cause malnutrition which can affect breathing pattern. Patient performs diaphragmatic pursed-lip breathing. Coarse crackle sound that is wetter than a rale, suctioning recommended. nursing care plan for patient with chest trauma INEFFECTIVE BREATHING PATTERN RELATED TO DECREASED LUNG EXPANSION Goal and expected outcome – Effective breathing pattern ,regular respiration and no dyspnea. Assess and record respiratory rate and depth at least every 4 hours. Nursing Care Plan Ineffective Infant Feeding Pattern December 2019 468. Groups of quick, shallow inspirations followed by regular or irregular periods of apnea (10 to 60 seconds). Ineffective breathing pattern care plan is needed when inspiration or expiration or both do not maintain optimum ventilation for an individual. Ineffective breathing pattern is one of many nursing diagnoses that nurses work with when doing nursing care plans. 1. Patient performs diap… 2. Last Updated on Mon, 14 Dec 2020 | Care Plan. 3. Nursing Care Plan – Formulate a Plan (QSEN: PCC/TC/IN/STY/EBP) (CLO: 1, 3, 4, 5, Since we started in 2010, Nurseslabs has become one of the most trusted nursing sites helping thousands of aspiring nurses achieve their goals. ... 117006719 Ineffective Breathing Pattern Pneumonia Nursing Care Plan. Chest Infection Care Plan for Ineffective Breathing Pattern Whenever a patient in a care home gets ill, no matter what the cause or severity, they should be put on a structured care plan to help ensure that all the right steps are taken to monitor and try to get them on the right track to getting better. The pattern repeats, with each cycle usually taking 30 seconds to 2 minutes. Ask if they are “short of breath” and note any dyspnea. Incorporate review of metered-dose inhaler and nebulizer treatments, as needed. When administering oxygen, close monitoring is very important to avoid hazardous risings in the patient’s PaO2, which could lead to apnea. Patient’s ABG levels return to and remain within established limits. Clicking, rattling, or crackling sound heard during inspiration and expiration. Nurse Salary 2020: How Much Do Registered Nurses Make? It is important to take action when there is an alteration in the pattern of breathing to detect early signs of respiratory compromise. Patient maintains an effective breathing pattern, as evidenced by relaxed breathing at normal rate and depth and absence of dyspnea. Decreased energy and fatigue 4. Ineffective Breathing Pattern. By admin in November 27th 2009 Comments Off on Ineffective Breathing Patterns Care Plan Filed Under Nursing Care Plans Tags: Ineffective Breathing Patterns, Ineffective Breathing Patterns Care Plan, ... Changes is respiratory rate or pattern from baseline. Continuous assessment is necessary in order to know possible problems that may have lead to Ineffective Breathing Pattern as well as name any concerns that may occur during nursing care. It is considered the state in which the rate, depth, timing, and rhythm, or the pattern of breathing is altered. Hypoxia triggers the drive to breathe in the chronic CO2 retainer patient. Observe presence of sputum for amount, color, consistency. Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to neuromuscular weakness of the respiratory muscles and throat. And normal blood gas analysis. 5. The incapability to mobilize secretions may contribute to change in breathing pattern. Ineffective breathing pattern care plan is needed when inspiration or expiration or both do not maintain optimum ventilation for an individual. Ask if they are “short of breath” and note any dyspnea. Ineffective Breathing Pattern NCP. If the breathing becomes even more difficult, it might be a good idea to get nursing care for effective breathing pattern Singapore services. Observe presence of sputum for amount, color, consistency. Ask client to rate perceived exertion. Nursing Care Plan For Ineffective Breathing Pattern Respiratory Monitoring. Avoid high concentration of oxygen in patients with COPD. Defining Characteristics: (Specify: shortness of breath, tachypnea, ... Goal: Infant/child will experience an effective breathing pattern by (date/time to evaluate). Note for changes in level of consciousness. 7.22.2009. Respiratory failure may be correlated with variations in respiratory rate, abdominal, and thoracic pattern. Observe for retractions or flaring of nostrils. Use this ineffective breathing pattern nursing care plan guide to help you create nursing interventions for this nursing problem. Here are some factors that may be related to Ineffective Airway Clearance: 1. Interventions – Monitor the patient closely for increasing respiratory distress as indicated by tachycardia ,dyspnea, cyanosis and anxiety When the abdominal wall excursion during inspiration, expiration, or both do not maintain optimum ventilation for the individual, the nursing diagnosis Ineffective Breathing Pattern is one of the issues nurses need to focus on. Patient’s ABG levels return to and remain within established limits. Using demonstration: highlighting slow inhalation, holding end inspiration for a few seconds, and passive exhalation, taking prescribed medications (ensuring accuracy of dose and frequency and monitoring adverse effects), scheduling activities to avoid fatigue and provide for rest periods. Constant breath sounds of both rhonchi and wheezing; normally treated with bronchodilator. View Nursing Careplan - Ineffective Breathing Pattern r:t Asthma Exacerbation.pdf from NUR 2206 at Florida International University. Maintain a clear airway by encouraging patient to mobilize own secretions with successful coughing. Encourage diaphragmatic breathing for patients with chronic disease. Ineffective Breathing Patterns Care Plan. Neuromuscular function 6. Cyanosis to the inside of the mouth is a medical emergency! Progressively deeper and sometimes faster breathing, followed by a gradual decrease that results in apnea. That is the problem that comes in when the abdominal wall and the excursion during the inspiration and expiration do not maintain an optimum level of ventilation. Carousel Previous Carousel Next. Patient’s ABG levels return to and remain within established limits. Continuous assessment is necessary in order to know possible problems that may have lead to Ineffective Breathing Pattern as well as name any concerns that may occur during nursing care. This is heard most commonly in asthmatics and CHF. It also refers to the state in which the depth, rate, timing, and rhythm of breathing becomes altered. He wants to guide the next generation of nurses to achieve their goals and empower the nursing profession. Keep away from high concentration of oxygen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Sign in Register; Hide. Ineffective breathing pattern care plan: This nursing care plan and diagnosis is for the following condition: Ineffective Breathing Pattern, Dyspnea, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Hyoxia, Acute Respiratory Failure, Hypoxemia, and Respiratory Illness.

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