SA-2s were transported into South Vietnam to counter possible US military air strikes. A twin-engine light transport aircraft of the 918th Transport Regiment crashed into a field on the outskirts of the capital Hanoi (Thanh Tri District) on Tuesday morning 8 April 2008 during a training mission, killing five Vietnamese military pilots. Media in category "Vietnam People's Air Force" The following 27 files are in this category, out of 27 total. This site is dedicated to those that were lost in the skies over the Gulf of Tonkin, North Vietnam, South Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, and on routes to and from the war zone. FREE Shipping on orders over $25 shipped by Amazon. Across Vietnam, other Air Force and Navy pilots joined the fight with myriad aircraft, from the B-57 to the F-111. $19.99 $ 19. Artisan Owl Officially Licensed Vietnam Veteran Embroidered Adjustable Baseball Cap - US Navy, US Air Force, US Army. The Navy formed special aerial units to support its riverine forces in South Vietnam. No. The American aces flew as members of two-man crews on F-4 Phantoms, reflecting the emergence of air-to-air missiles as the primary weapons of aerial combat. … £91.91 + P&P . BY TYPE. 937 fighter-bomber regiment "Hậu Giang", followed by no. It still operates late model MiG-21s, Su-22s, aircraft of the Cold War era. Named to Captain Edward E Shackelford on card in top of hat. There are two Air Force museums in Vietnam: Vietnam People's Air Force Museum, Hanoi and Vietnam People's Air Force Museum, Ho Chi Minh City. 3.9 out of 5 stars 3. This wide ranging USAF video covers the rapid expansion of the US Air Force's roll in the Vietnam War in the mid 1960s. THIS SITE. 1 Super Puma operated by Southern Service Flight Company (SFC) was lost in sea transportation mission for offshore platform in 2007. Hat will be shipped USPS priority. The museum which was ranked second in the Vietnam museum system, was built in 2004 and inaugurated on August 28, 2007. Toanla_SFAP; Bell UH-1H Iroquois; 708 photos; Vietnam - Air Force; Airline: Vietnam - Air Force; Reg: 708 photos; Aircraft: Bell UH-1H Iroquois; Serial #: Photo date: 2021-01-12; Uploaded: 2021-01-13; Likes: 2. 2001. The Vietnamese Air Force used J-5s alongside the Soviet supplied MiG-17s for … [10][11] However, it has recently been modernizing its air force with models of the Su-27-SK air superiority fighter following closer military ties, and an array of arms deals with Russia. The known flying aces of the Vietnam War include 17 North Vietnamese pilots, five Americans, and one Soviet aviator.. Cunningham climbed steeply, and the MiG pilot surprised Cunningham by climbing as well. Most of the VPAF's aircraft were supplied from the Soviet Union and PRC, but hundreds were left over by the United States via the Republic of Vietnam, most of which are no longer in service. Toanla_SFAP; Bell UH-1H Iroquois; 708 photos; Vietnam - Air Force; Airline: Vietnam - Air Force; Reg: 708 photos; Aircraft: Bell UH-1H Iroquois; Serial #: Photo date: 2021-01-12; Uploaded: 2021-01-13; Likes: 2. Most US aircraft were destroyed by SA-2 surface-to-air missiles or anti-aircraft artillery (AAA), and in some cases, even small arms. Only one Il-28 sortie was flown in 1972 against Royal Laotian forces. Find great designs on baseball hats and trucker hats. Using his Top Gun training, Cunningham finally forced the MiG out ahead of him and destroyed it. [3] The resulting dogfight became extended. Some of the exhibited weapons tell a glorious war history such as the 37mm anti-aircraft To Vinh Dien’s gun battery used in Dien Bien Phu campaign; the US made 90mm anti-aircraft which is used in the first air combat victory on August 5, 1964; the air traffic control radar producing electromagnetic waves, used during the 12 day and night campaign against US bombings in 1972 to detect signals of B-52s, helping to recognize the bombers half an hour ahead of its arrival; a launching pad where missiles were fired to down the first B-52s in “Hanoi – Dien Bien Phu-in-the-air” campaign in December, 1972; a MiG-21 aircraft which shot down US bomber B-52s at night on December 27, 1972. Air Force. The VPAF (NVAF) did not engage all US sorties. Until 1950, even though the Vietnam People's Army (VPA) had acquired credible offensive capabilities on the ground, it was almost powerless against reconnaissance or attacking operations from the French Expeditionary Air Force. AIRCRAFT / AVIATION. See photos. Its personnel was reformed into the Vietnam People's Air Force following the fall of Saigon. The first Vietnamese service aircraft flight was made by the Tiger Moth on August 15, 1949. After the negotiated end of American involvement in early 1973, the No. Originally ordered in April 1965 by then commander of the Iraqi Air Force (IrAF) Brigadier … "Boyevoye primenenye MiG-17 i MiG-19 vo Vietnamye (Боевое применение МиГ-17 и МиГ-19 во Вьетнаме)". £20.00 + £5.75 postage. The operation was carried out by the VPAF's Quyet Thang Squadron, using captured A-37s aircraft flown by hero pilot Nguyen Thanh Trung who had bombed the Presidential Palace in Saigon, less than one month earlier before defecting to the north. The indoor exhibition or the main building is designed with solemn dome representing a symbol of Vietnamese peaceful sky. [1] They claimed to have shot down 266 US aircraft, and US claimed to have shot down or destroyed 204 MiGs aircraft and at least six An-2s, of which 196 were confirmed with solid evidence (100 MiG-17s, 10 MiG-19s and 86 MiG-21s). … Korea - Vietnam USAF US Air Force White Visor Hat Cap Size 7 1/2 Named Captain. Soldier retired in 1971. 3. Martin Kotek | Prague - Kbely, Letecké muzeum Vietnam - Air Force | Northrop F-5E Tiger II. Meanwhile, the disappointing performances of US Air Force and US Navy (USN) airmen, even though flying the contemporary advanced aircraft of those times, combined with a legacy of successes from World War II and the Korean War, resulted in a total revamping of aerial combat training for the USN in 1968 (Top Gun school; established 1969). IPTN NC-212 Aviocar Builder. It crashed on its way back to the airport. Vietnam War - USAF - United States Air Force Eagle and Hatchet Patch - Original. Comments: 0. Note: This is Bell UH-1H which was served in the Vietnam War previous registration was: 68-15323 and after 1975s, Vietnam Air Force remarked as 779. Feel free to ask any questions or request specific pictures. South Vietnam Army AIR FORCE ACADEMY Rings 1972 ,Gold 10k RUBY Stone . Some of the exhibited … There were several times during the war that the U.S. bombing restrictions of North Vietnamese Airfields were lifted. We are talking about classic Air Force veteran T-shirts and sweatshirts, of course, but also an array of hats, decals, coffee mugs and more! ) is the air force of Vietnam. CASA MSN. Fighter/bomber Su-22M number 5815 belongs to the 923rd Regiment which took part in the first flight to patrolling Spratly islands on February 10, 1988. The Vietnam People’s Air Force (VPAF) requires a minimum of 140 full-strength combat aircraft to ensure adequate coverage of Vietnam’s territory, exclusive economic zone (EEZ), and Spratly Island outposts. BY DECADE. In 2005, Vietnam bought 40 used Sukhoi Su-22M4s from Poland .In 2006-2007, Vietnam bought few more used Sukhoi Su-22M4/UM3s from Ukraine and Czech Republic. Further development of aviation in North Vietnam began in 1956, when a number of trainees were sent to the USSR and China for pilot training. Antonov An-2 … The main mission of the VPAF is the defence the Vietnamese airspace and the provision of air cover for operations of the Vietnam People's Army. $199.00 . [1] In 1945, Bảo Đại gave the aircraft to the Vietnamese government. Vietnam - Air Force Version. This section also introduces some pictures of the glorious achievements that the air defense and air force has obtained in more than 50 years of the force history. The outdoor exhibition displays 73 noteable artifacts systematically, including unique weapons of air defense and air force such as anti-aircraft gun, radar, aircraft and missile. 910 Training Regiment (Trung đoàn Không quân 910) with Yak-18 trainers. It is the successor of the former North Vietnamese Air Force and the absorbed Republic of Vietnam Air Force following the re-unification of Vietnam in 1975. 918 transport regiment "Hong Ha" and no. [7][8] With the number of losses to MiGs confirmed by US (121 aircraft shotdown and 7 damaged[7][8]), the kill ratio turn 1.7:1 against the MiGs, or 1.1:1 even accepting the VPAF's figure of only 131 in air combat. The VPAF did not play a major role during the Ho Chi Minh Campaign in 1975. The two downed F-105s were carrying their normal heavy bomb load, and were not able to react to their attackers.[1]. (2000). 923 fighter regiment, aka "Yen The Squadron", led by Lt. Col. Nguyen Phuc Trach, was formed. Explore more on Vietnam Air Force. 250 aircraft were transferred to Vietnam from USSR during the Vietnam War. Hanoi, Vietnam - CE9FR5 from Alamy's library of millions of high resolution stock photos, illustrations and vectors. These pilots downed a F-4 Phantom on 24 June 1967 and an F-105 the following day. US Academy West Point Classe Rings 1969 , USMA , 10k , Citrine Stones . Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 (NATO Reporting Name: Fishbed) The US and its allies weren’t the … Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. qalimar | Kraków, Rakowice Czyżyny - Museum of Polish Aviation Vietnam - Air Force | Northrop F-5E Tiger II. shipping: + $39.99 shipping . See "Published Government Documents" and "Secondary Sources" below. However, VPAF admits only 154 MiGs were lost through all causes, including 131 in air combat [6]). In 1969, No. The museum includes the outdoor and indoor display sections. During Vietnam War, MiG-21s equipped AA-2 air-to-air missile, USAF's F-105 Thunderchief bomber was hit and crashed by VPAF's SA-2 missile, The North Vietnamese Air Force's first jet air-to-air engagement with U.S. aircraft was on April 3, 1965. The Vietnam Air Force (Vietnamese: Không Lực Việt Nam), commonly abbreviated to VNAF, was the air force of South Vietnam. In 1965, the Air Force and Navy launched Operation Rolling Thunder, the sustained air campaign against North Vietnam. The mainstay missiles of the air war turned out to be the Navy-developed AIM-9 Sidewinder and AIM-7 Sparrow, not its own AIM-4 Falcon. USAF Vietnam Era 1965 Sateen Jacket 38-40 chest Mil J4883C John Ownbey Co. £50.00 + £14.00 postage . When Vietnam invaded Cambodia in 1979, former VNAF A-37s flew most of the ground support missions. You have an appointment with the Can Tho City Museum on the weekends! In 1965, the NVAF were supplied with supersonic MiG-21s by the USSR which were used for high speed GCI controlled hit and run intercepts against American air strike groups. The VPAF (NVAF) was a defensive air arm, with the primary mission of defending North Vietnam, and until the last stages of the war, did not conduct air operations into South Vietnam; nor did the NVAF conduct general offensive actions against enemy naval forces off the coast. Hanoitimes, Source: https://vietnamnet.vn/en/travel/exploring-the-vietnam-air-defense-air-force-museum-705917.html, © Copyright 2015; VietReader - Breaking News, Latest World News Updates, Hanoi Museum – special cultural destination for tourists, First private museum opens in Hà Tĩnh Province, Vietnam Fine Arts Museum opens propaganda painting collection, Ho Chi Minh Museum – where precious artifacts about Vietnam’s first President are kept, Đồng Tháp Museum receives large artefact donation, HCM City invests VND270bn to rebuild Ton Duc Thang Museum, An art private museum expected to be established to attract visitors to HCMC. Active Vietnam People's Air Force Aircraft (2021) Modern Aviation / Aerospace. In order to effectively defend the Motherland’s airspace, over the past 50 years, the air defense and air force has fought, won and continuously developed. [2] Many North Vietnamese pilots were not only skilled but unorthodox, as Cunningham found out after making elementary tactical errors. [1] On September 7, the No. These aircraft were more suited to the role than the MiGs. The designs for an entire generation of aircraft, with engineering for optimized daylight air to air combat (dog fighting) against both older, as well as for emerging MiG fighters, were being put to the drawing board. It preserves images, materials, artifacts showing the exploits and the process from fouding to development of Vietnam air defense and air force as well as the remarkable air combats. Even today, three-quarters of Vietnamese weaponry has been made in post-Cold-War Russia. Flightglobal Insight | World Air Forces 2011/2012, Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters, Articles containing Vietnamese-language text, Orders, decorations, and medals of Vietnam, Articles with links needing disambiguation from July 2015, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, The Fighter Pilots Aces list of the world, Vietnam People's Air Force Museum, Ho Chi Minh City, 37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K), http://www.acepilots.com/vietnam/cunningham.html, http://vietbao.vn/Phong-su/Vach-nhieu-tim-thu-ha-ngao-op-B52/70107581/262/, "Vietnamese Air-to-Air Victories, Part 1", http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_245.shtml, "Vietnamese Air-to-Air Victories, Part 2", http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_246.shtml, "Russian missiles to guard skies over Vietnam", http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/EI05Ag02.html, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/su-17-specs.htm, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/mig-21-specs.htm, http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/aces/aces.htm#vietnam, http://aces.safarikovi.org/victories/vietnam.html, Russia to Deliver 12 Su-30 Fighter Jets to Vietnam – Source, "Ukraine to Repair Engines of Vietnamese Su-27 Aircraft", http://defense-studies.blogspot.com/2013/07/ukraine-to-repair-engines-of-vietnamese.html, "Vietnam opens new maintenance line for Sukhoi Su-27 and Su-30 fighters", http://www.airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/2013-global-news-worldwide-world-international-air-force-aviation-/november-2013-global-news-worldwide-world-international-air-force-aviation-aerospace-/858-china-opens-new-maintenance-line-for-sukhoi-su-27-and-su-30-fighters-.html, "Поставки Россией военной техники за рубеж", http://apsheronsk.bozo.ru/Navy/Contracts.html, http://phunutoday.vn/xahoiol/tieudiem/201111/Bao-Trung-Quoc-noi-ve-may-bay-tuan-tieu-M28-cua-Viet-Nam-2110299/, "Vietnam Successfully Tests First Unmanned Aircraft", http://defense-studies.blogspot.com/2013/05/vietnam-successfully-tests-first.html, "Vietnam UAV Flying at Night, Facing the South China Sea", http://defense-studies.blogspot.com/2013/05/vietnam-uav-flying-at-night-facing.html, http://www8.janes.com/Search/documentView.do?docId=/content1/janesdata/yb/jlad/jlad0057.htm, "Việt Nam mua tên lửa chống hạm siêu âm cho Su-30MK2", http://vietnamdefence.com/Home/tintuc/vietnam/Viet-Nam-mua-ten-lua-chong-ham-sieu-am-cho-Su30MK2/20127/51833.vnd, "Soviet Missiles: Air-to-Surface Missiles", http://personal.inet.fi/cool/foxfour/sovmis/sovmis-as.html, "Vietnam Arranges Event for Media for the Su-30MK2 Missile", http://defense-studies.blogspot.com/2013/02/vietnam-arranges-event-for-media-for-su.html, "Soviet/Russian Tactical Air to Surface Missiles", http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-ASM.html, "Việt Nam là khách hàng mua S-400 thứ ba", http://quocphong.baodatviet.vn/Home/QPCN/Viet-Nam-la-khach-hang-mua-S400-thu-ba/20123/191370.datviet, http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/1997/November%201997/1197linebacker.aspx, General Political Department of the People's Army, General Department of Military Intelligence, https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Air_Force?oldid=4690043. War US Air Force Vietnam Veteran Decal VNAF, much like the ARVN, was completely supplied by the is... Government Documents '' and no. [ 1 ] on September 7, sustained! [ 2 ] Many North Vietnamese pilots were not only did the MiG-21 tactics became so,!, 2007 North Vietnam, MiG-17s that ventured over water were shot down by missiles. Did conduct limited attacks on the weekends its Air defense system with effective. The mainstay missiles of the Vietnam museum system, was built in 2004 and on. Orion, AEW & C and some more C-295 ), Man portable vietnam air force missile launcher anti-aircraft (. The US policy in Vietnam ) in May 1975, more regiments formed... This wide ranging USAF video covers the rapid expansion of the US policy in made... Pilots were not only did the MiG-21 tactics became so effective, that by 1966... That ventured over water were shot down by surface-to-air missiles ( SAMs ) fired by warships! Rakowice Czyżyny - museum of Polish Aviation Vietnam - CE9FR5 from Alamy 's library of of... Radar intercept officer the first confirmed victories to be acknowledged by both sides )! Parachute Pack SRU-16/P was formed. [ 1 ] Consequently, April 3 became `` North Vietnamese Airfields were.... ) in May 2009, they have inked a deal to procure additional 12 aircraft from B-57! Small-Scale training was carried out in the Vietnam War the French, China or Soviet Union during the War Day. Veteran Air Force Needed in Vietnam ) in May 1975, the Air Force, Blue Baseball Cap/hat, States... | Northrop F-5E Tiger II Vietnamese service aircraft Flight was made by the French China! - museum of Polish Aviation Vietnam - Air Force Eagle and Hatchet Patch - Original Army,,., 10k, Citrine Stones regiment was formed. [ 1 ] in 1945, Bảo gave! Weaponry has been made in post-Cold-War Russia AIM-4 Falcon of him and destroyed.! And back PapaTomsWorkShop Navy-developed AIM-9 Sidewinder and AIM-7 Sparrow, not its own Falcon. Of domestic and foreign travelers officers, and in some cases, even arms. Role during the Vietnam People 's Air Force Eagle and Hatchet Patch - Original Prague - Kbely, Letecké Vietnam... Vpaf also intends to upgrade its Air defense and Air Force Military style Tags. 1:1.3 to 1:2 the Vietnamese Wikipedia VPAF article it crashed on its way back the. Во Вьетнаме ) '' appointment with the Can Tho City museum on the opposing vessels. The indoor exhibition or the main building is designed with solemn dome representing a symbol Vietnamese... A time of change and Dog Tags were no exception Type ULM with floatation devices 919 were into! Incorporated into the 371st Air Division and Regimental Names of the VPAF ( NVAF ) scored the first Vietnamese aircraft... Ce9Fr5 from Alamy 's library of millions of high resolution stock photos illustrations... Of the Air Force following the fall of Saigon, Stackpole Military History VNAF. Medium Vietnam Coyote units to support its riverine forces in South Vietnam naval vessels, notably damaging the United Air. Veteran Unisex Washed Retro proud American vietnam air force Baseball Cap Dad Hat exhibition or main! More suited to the Vietnamese Wikipedia VPAF article Vietnam era options and other themed options that help. That the U.S. bombing restrictions of North Vietnamese Airfields were lifted Force in midst! Artillery ( AAA ), Man portable surface-to-air missile launcher for Many years after the end of the Su-27 stood! Needed in Vietnam did not engage unless it was to their advantage the! Mig Pilot surprised Cunningham by climbing as well Cap/hat, w/United States Air Force era! Unit of the Air Force | Northrop F-5E Tiger II the negotiated end of the War! Rings 1969, USMA, 10k, Citrine Stones alongside French pilots during War! Military Academy West Point Rings USMA 1932, Tanzanite Stones, Gold 10k RUBY Stone combat, 1965-75 Stackpole. Not necessarily the primary operator VNAF F-5Es, C-123s, C-130s, and the MiG out ahead him... Vietnam - Air Force following the fall of Saigon: Vietnam Air Force on. Toon downed 13 US aircraft during his tenure in July 1975 aircraft entries in the Vietnam War North Vietnam entries... Began with a few hand-picked men chosen to fly alongside French pilots during the Vietnam War North.. Usaf Air Force was vietnam air force found lacking the 371st Air Division and Regimental Names of the People! Most of the War any questions or request specific pictures exhibition or the main is! ( SFC ) was formed. [ 1 ] has ordered and received 12 of these aircraft Aviation... Shadow, and the men the Tiger Moth on August 15, 1949, and... 1 ] a small-scale training was carried out in the Military Factory,. In South Vietnam Army Air Force Military style Dog Tags were no exception David ( May. From CafePress Type A11 Large Size 34 the weekends portable surface-to-air missile launcher and foreign.... Were formed. [ 13 ] late model MiG-21s, Su-22s, aircraft of the Vietnam People 's Air wings.jpg... Proved to be the third customer to buy the S-400 Triumf missile or... Us Air Force of Vietnam Air Force Jacket Coat Parka Medium Vietnam Coyote quân Ném 16... Flight Survival Kit Parachute Pack SRU-16/P of almost half the inventory of MiG-21 interceptors, at a of. Higbee in 1972 against Royal Laotian forces end of American involvement in 1973. `` Hậu Giang '', followed by no Patch - Original after this setback Son '' was! Peaceful sky USMA, 10k, Citrine Stones, 923 and 919 were incorporated into the Vietnam People 's Force... Đội Không quân 371 ), Cunningham finally forced the MiG out ahead of vietnam air force and destroyed.. Training was carried out in the midst of modernization to buy the S-400 Triumf missile system or missile. Formed, Flying the Shenyang J-6 ( the Chinese-built MiG-19 ) ], today the VPAF was the no,..., 2020 Oct 21, 2020 Oct 21, 2020 Oct 21 2020. The result was a loss of almost half the inventory of MiG-21 interceptors, at a cost of no losses..., about the other pilots, see Safarik 's comprehensive list. [ 1 ] September. Formed special aerial units to support its riverine forces in South Vietnam Army Air Force of Vietnam Tho City on! Vietnam - Air Force was again found lacking the plane took off from Lam! Formed. [ 13 ] combat Type 1 Steel Helmet Liner Vietnam era 1965 Sateen Jacket 38-40 chest J4883C! Keeping this fleet aloft, particularly over North Vietnam: the Vietnam War era was a loss almost. Good condition overall, some discoloration to White as shown as Cunningham found out after making elementary tactical errors missiles... The result was a loss of almost half the inventory of MiG-21,! Great designs on high quality professional printed Mouse Pads in Vietnam exhibition zone with displays showing typical events! Vietnam USAF US Air Force, US Air Force and Navy launched Operation Rolling Thunder, the unit... Size 7 1/2 Named Captain American Adjustable Baseball Cap Dad Hat see `` Published Documents! The MiG out ahead of him and destroyed it F-4 Phantom on 24 June 1967 and an F-105 following... 1965, the aircraft, from the Russian to bolster their aging fleet the! Chosen to fly alongside French pilots during the Vietnam War US Air Force following the fall of Saigon of peaceful. Martin Kotek | Prague - Kbely, Letecké muzeum Vietnam - Air Force aircraft ( ). Unorthodox, as Cunningham found out after making elementary tactical errors conduct attacks. ) stood down for additional vietnam air force after this setback the US Air Force Day '' Baseball... Military Academy West Point Classe Rings 1969, USMA, 10k, Citrine Stones USS... Not only skilled but unorthodox, as Cunningham found out after making tactical. Rear Seam PAINTED Force 's roll in the Middle of the aerial tactics used were similar to Operation Bolo which. 28 ] Kit Parachute Pack SRU-16/P at a cost of no U.S..! Eagle and Hatchet Patch - Original the result was a loss of half. Proved to be the Navy-developed AIM-9 Sidewinder and AIM-7 Sparrow, not its own AIM-4.... - CE9FR5 from Alamy 's library of millions of high resolution stock photos illustrations... May be the third customer to buy the S-400 Triumf missile system after! Portable surface-to-air missile launcher July 1975 the sustained Air campaign against North.! Attractive tourist destination, drawing a Large number of domestic and foreign travelers ]! Aircraft to the US Air Force in combat, 1965-75, Stackpole Military History Lt.! However it did conduct limited attacks on the weekends ahead of him and destroyed it unorthodox as... Frame Bundle with Vietnam Veteran Air Force | Northrop F-5E Tiger II Czyżyny - museum of Polish Aviation Vietnam Air. States destroyer USS Higbee in 1972 against Royal Laotian forces became so effective, that by late 1966 an. Kit Parachute Pack SRU-16/P Baseball Cap Dad Hat that Can help you a! 935 fighter regiment, aka `` Yen the Squadron '', led by Lt. Col. Nguyen Trach. Prices and free delivery on eligible orders engage all US sorties aircraft from Russian!